There are more than 80 species of pines, being the most important genus of the conifers. Only in France exist more than 20 species which can live up to 600 years. Pines differ in the number of needles, two, three or five per group.

The planting of groups is essentially the same as that for one tree. However before planting is started, build up a mental picture of the group as it should look when finished. Avoid straight lines either front to back or side to side between two or (...)

To find out the meanings of all the particular words that are part of the world of bonsai, here is a practical and easy to navigate online glossary. Defining the exact meaning of a commonly-used term is not easy and is subject to interpretation. In (...)

Tsugas are typically tall, graceful trees with spreading branches that droop downwards at the tips creating a cascading effect. The bark is a cinnamon red colour and it becomes deeply furrowed with age. Cones are small and pale brown when mature; aft (...)

KENGAI The difference between this style and the semi-cascade is thathere the trunk must fall below the base of the pot. All other criteria are the same. Good cascades are rare because of the difficulty in maintainingvigour in the lower parts of t (...)

Displaying Your Bonsai Outdoors aesthetics and bonsai should be displayed in an uncluttered environment where the details of the plant Remember that simplicity is very important in Japanese can be appreciated. This is, after all, a wonder of nature t (...)

MOYOGI This is a variation on the formal upright style but is much easier to create. The rules for the branch structure are the same but the trunk may have any number of curves, both from left to right and from front to back. The branches should ide (...)